density gradient. Still another 
aspect of perspective is 
foreshortening--the difference 
in the projection of equal 
distances in the third 
dimension, such as the 
separations between the ties of 
a railroad track viewed head-
on.  The picture to the left of a 
man lying with his feet toward 
the camera is a dramatic 
example of foreshortening.  The 
man’s feet are very close to the 
camera and therefore their 
image on the film is quite large.  
His more distant head forms a 
much smaller image on the 
film.  You may experience this 
effect yourself simply by 
placing your hand close to your 
face and looking from it toward 
other more distant objects.  
Notice how your hand looms 
large in your field of view while 
more distant people, furniture, 
and other objects appear
relatively tiny.